Хонинговальные головки

The aim of coplanar lapping is to achieve high flatness in combination with a con­sistent surface quality for all workpieces. Also, the percent contact area is in­creased by levelling the roughness peaks. On account of these properties, lapping is often used in the finishing of ceramic sealing rings. In the following, we will in­troduce the […]

Cutting wire lapping (Fig. 9-11) is these days the dominant and most widespread technique. It is used especially in mass markets. Although this method has been utilised industrially for some time, knowledge of the process is still mostly of an empirical nature. Theoretical findings and process models exist only to a limited extent and are […]

Besides the machine variables, additional parameters exist in belt grinding that in­fluence process behaviour and the output. This includes the force with which the belt is tightened and the form of embodiment of the contact element as well as the engagement of grinding fluids such as greases or cooling lubricants. The boundary condition of belt […]

The high surface qualities obtainable in principle from grinding can be negatively influenced by oscillations in the machine. Relative displacements in the grinding contact zone, caused by externally or internally induced vibrations, arise on the workpiece surface as a function of the grinding process’s kinematics and lead to more ripples and roughnesses in the ground […]

Honing stone length plays an important role in the correction of shape errors. With respect to achieving the most accurate desired cylindricity, tools with long honing stones offer the best possibility for transferring their own cylindrical shape onto the workpiece. The arrangement in Fig. 7-21a shows that when the honing stone is too short the […]

In polishing, abrasive particles finely dispersed in a usually liquid medium are guided over a surface. Material removal is achieved through an interaction of chemical and mechanical mechanisms. In chemo-mechanical polishing, material removal is the result of a chemical re­action between the workpiece surface and the polishing grains. The product of the reaction is then […]

One cutting method that is still widespread today is inner diameter (ID) slicing. In this method, a rotating steel cutting blade serves as the tool. These are fastened at their outer diameters, similarly to the clamping mechanism used for drums. The actual cutting operation takes place in the centre of the saw blade, the inner […]

6.4.1 Gear Grinding A special area of application in grinding is the finishing of tooth flanks. Cutting an involute profile requires the use of methods specifically designed for tooth flank machining, these being subdivided according to method kinematics into generat­ing and profile methods. In order to fulfil performance, noise emission and wear requirements there are […]

6.6.1 External Cylindrical Peripheral Plunge Grinding In the end machining of camshafts for engines, not only the control cam, which activates the valve tappets, but also the bearing carrier must be machined (Fig. 6­136). In order to guarantee smooth operation, the bearing carriers are tolerated with respect to surface roughness, roundness and concentricity. The material […]

In addition to the variables involved in the honing process, the most important in­fluence on the work result are the specifications of the honing stones, i. e. grain type, grain size, type of bond, hardness and treatment. With respect to grain type, two groups of materials are distinguished according to their properties. As in grinding, […]