Хонинговальные головки

Ferritic Structures Materials with predominately ferritic structures are but seldom subject to grinding, being usually machined instead with geometrically defined cutting edges. In the case of grinding, low strength and hardness as well as the high deformability of ferritic structures leads to frequent clogging of the grinding wheel. For this reason, the use of open-pored […]

Oil-in-water emulsions are used when what matters is a good cooling effect and not as much the lubrication effect. For oil-in-water emulsions, an even distribution of extremely fine oil droplets in water is obtained by means of so-called emulsifi­ers. Since the physical properties of emulsions is largely the same as that of water — the […]

The swarf produced by the grinding process can get fixed in the grinding wheel. This so-called clogging or loading of the grinding wheel leads to a reduction of chip space, so that less cooling lubricant can get access to the machining location. On the other hand, swarf removal from the contact zone is also hampered. […]

Fig. 6-54 shows the elementary geometrical and kinematic quantities of centreless plunge grinding. A comparison of the parameters with those of plunge grinding between centres shows considerable conformance. Only the workpiece rotational speed nw develops but indirectly as a function of the rotational speed and the con­trol wheel diameter. If there is no slippage between […]

The distribution of force and energy can be considered both microscopically with relation to the individual grits as well as macroscopically on the scale of the entire grinding wheel. In the following, we will begin with a microscopic observation and then expand this with macroscopic considerations. The cutting force acting upon the individual grit during […]

Besides the basic materials described above, the bonds of abrasive tools occasion­ally contain a number of additives. These are, on the one hand, necessary for the manufacturing process of the tools, and, on the other, help to create specifically defined grinding properties. Fillers contained in the matrix of grinding wheels bonded with synthetic resin can […]

A large amount of tools with abrasives on a backing material are turned into end­less loop belts so that a bond location, called a seal, becomes necessary. Great demands are placed on the tear strength of the seal area, especially at high chip removal rates. Synthetic resin adhesives and improved adhesive tech­nologies permit large chip […]

Iron-carbon alloys with a C-content of more than 1.7 % (usually 2 to 4 %) are considered iron-casting materials. They are usually shaped by casting and a final machining operation for sizing — not so often by forming. First and foremost in this group of materials are annealed cast iron, cast iron with lamellar and […]

Aqueous solutions used for grinding purposes consist, like oil-in-water emulsions, of over 90 % water. The concentrate is devoid of mineral oil, consisting, for ex­ample, of polymers or salts [MANG76]. No emulsifiers are required to obtain a fine and even distribution of the concentrate, as the latter is dissolved molecularly, as is the case in […]

The topography of the grinding wheel after tool preparation largely influences its cutting properties and thus its behaviour during the process as well as the output. By means of a precise guidance of tool preparation, the grinding wheel surface can be adjusted to the given requirements. For example, producing a rough topography is always recommendable […]