Sustainability of Grinding Tools — Хонинговальные головки

In 1822, grinders did not become old:.

About thirty years ago, the steam engine was first adapted to the purposes of grinding; and then a very important era arrived in the annals of the grinder. He now worked in a small low room, where there were ten or twelve stones; the doors and windows were kept almost constantly shut; a great quantity of dust was necessarily evolved from so many stones, and there was scarcely any circulation of air to carry it away. […] If, then, the grinders’ asthma were a disease of not unfrequent occurrence before, it is probable that its frequency would have been much increased now. Such, indeed, was the fact; and it is at the present time become so general, that out of twenty-five hundred grinders, there are not thirty-five who have arrived at the age of fifty years. [KNIG22].

Sustainability of grinding tools can only be discussed with a deep understanding of all relevant system components. This chapter summarizes the analyses and conclusions from the preceding chapters into a holistic description model. The study on abrasive tooling systems began with explaining the abrasive grits, followed by the bonding systems (Chaps. 2 and 3). Then it eluded on the different tooling types and grinding wheel body shapes and materials (Chaps. 4 and 5). The composition and structure of the abrasive layer has complex implications on tool manufacturing and use (Chap. 6). Understanding of wear and tool conditioning is crucial to the grinding process. Based on this technological base a comprehensive evaluation of sustainability of tooling systems becomes possible. Therefore, existing methods of life cycle engineering, namely Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Costing, Social Life Cycle Assessment, and Sustainability Indicators are introduced in the following chapter. The Input-Output streams of grinding will be derived to provide the life cycle inventory. As a new method axiomatic design principles will be applied to analyze all functions and design parameters of grinding. The generated matrix will allow a new, detailed evaluation of grinding process sustainability.