Хонинговальные головки

Pores are necessary for the transport of cooling lubricant to and chips away from the cutting point. They become more critical for high material removal rates and high-speed grinding processes to get enough cooling lubricant into the grindinggap. Grinding wheels with discontinuous cutting faces have similar effects as highly porous wheels [BORK92, p. 36]. Porosity […]

6.5.1 Overview on Conditioning Principles Grinding wheel topography is influenced by grinding wheel structure, profiling and sharpening process as well as by the wear during the use of the grinding wheel [MARI04]. The dressing process changes the working behavior of the grinding tool, the Young’s modulus and the effective hardness of the grinding layer [MARI04]. […]

Section 7.1 described different methods for evaluating sustainability and Sect. 7.2 derived the life cycle inventory for grinding to implement these methods. Data for the analysis is either measured empirically, estimated or obtained from databases. Ideally, fundamental process knowledge would allow calculating all input and output streams from physical and analytical models. The following study […]

Araujo and Oliveira [ARAU12] compared the sustainability of hard turning and grinding based on 29 sustainability indicators in a case study. They chose five social indicators for the comparison: • labor relations: hourly wages, • health and safety: number of occupational accidents, noise level, operator risk level, • training and education: average number of hours […]

Sintered corundum is a family of grains produced from unfused alumina by sin­tering processes [JACK11, p. 29]. The aim of sintering is to form a solid ceramic body of a-Al2O3 with a regular, fine-crystalline structure [KLOC05a, p. 25]. This structure is supposed to have a good wear resistance in the abrasive grinding process [KLOC05a, p. […]

In the first years of CBN at the market, it was seen as competitor to diamond. However, CBN proved soon to be an ideal complement for machining of hard to machine ferreous materials [JUCH78]. In addition, CBN has advantages in its higher thermal stability over diamond. In the beginning, CBN was bonded in metal or […]

Packing density or bulk density depends on grit size and shape. For example, equidimensional shapes pack to a higher bulk density than flat shapes [MENA00]. The packing density is a rather simple but effective measure for the dominant grit shape of a batch, if grit size and size distribution are known [MALK08, SCHT81]. Measurement procedures […]

Fillers in resin bonds have several tasks in both manufacturing phase and grinding operation: They induce porosity, reinforce bond properties, change aesthetics, and more [FRAC10]. Common fillers in resin bonded grinding tools are cryolite (Na3AlF6), pyrite (FeS2), zinc sulfide (ZnS), lithopone (ZnSBaSO4), potassium fluoroborate and potassium chloride (KAlF4, K3AlF6), potassium sulphate (K2SO4), and mixtures of […]

Brazing is a soldering process at higher temperatures. The grits are held mechani­cally and chemically in the bond. Therefore, the grit exposure can be higher than for electroplated wheels leading to bigger chip space (Fig. 3.19) [MARI04, p. 416 f.]. Chemically bonded grits allow for even thinner bonding layers than electroplated grits [CHAT90]. This has […]

Lapping is a mainly room-bound process with geometrically undefined cutting edges. It is defined as a cutting process with loose grits distributed in a fluid or paste, so called lapping slurry, guided by a counterpart, which is usually shape-transferring (also called lapping tool). The cutting paths of the individual grits are ideally undirected [KLOC09, p. […]