Хонинговальные головки

In oxidic glasses, both covalent and ionic bonds predominate. They generally dis­play strong polarisation, which also causes its characteristically brittle removal behaviour. Should material shifting lead to the fracture of these bonds, the struc­ture of glass is destroyed irreparably as opposed to metals, the free electrons of which can form new bonds. Figure 4-18 shows […]

Setting back the bond is designated as sharpening. After profiling with diamond dressing tools, the wheel surface can be significantly flattened, leaving insufficient chip space for swarf and cooling lubricant transport in the grinding process (Fig. 6- 8. above). The sharpening process sets the bond back and thus creates the de­sired chip space (Fig. 6-8 […]

Here, we must differentiate between two methods. In external cylindrical periph­eral plunge grinding (infeed grinding), the grinding wheel is arranged normally to the workpiece rotation axis, while in external cylindrical peripheral longitudinal grinding the grinding tool is moved equidistantly to this axis. Both grinding meth­ods generally work with up grinding. In up grinding, the vectors […]

Key factors for quality and economic efficiency of industrial production are the choice of the manufacturing processes and their design. Manufacturing Technology is an elemental part of the fundamental knowledge of machining engineers. Also design engineers have to gain knowledge in this field, since they have high responsibility for the manufacturing costs. However, the students […]

The synthesis of cubic boron nitride (cBN) was first carried out by R. H. Wentorf in 1957 [WENT75]. cBN was first produced industrially in 1968 and, in 1969, it was introduced to the market under the brand name Borazon by the US General Electric Company. In contrast to grinding wheels with conventional abrasive materials, cBN […]

For example, the stylus test is a manual testing method which does not require any apparatus. Yet it has the disadvantage of being based on the subjective impression of the tester [PEKL60a]. A further hardness-testing method which should be mentioned is the Rockwell hardness test, which proceeds in the same way as in the hardness […]

Heat-treated steels are machine-building steels, which are suited to hardening due to their chemical composition and exhibit excellent toughness at a given tensile strength after heat treatment. Heat-treated steels have carbon contents between 0.2 and 0.6 % and have therefore higher strength than case-hardened steels. The main alloying components are manganese, chrome, molybdenum, nickel (table […]

Monocrystalline silicon enjoys a prominent role as the foundational material in the manufacture of microelectronic semiconductor components due to their favourable physical and chemical properties, comparatively cheap price and nearly limitless availability. Silicon crystallises in the diamond lattice, which can be described with two in­terpenetrating face-centered cubic elementary cells that are shifted in each direc­tion […]

Especially for vitrified bonded grinding wheels, the chip space can often also be enlarged by so-called free grinding. The basic prerequisite for this is the self — sharpenability of the grinding wheel. In the free grinding process, the grinding wheel topography is adjusted to the demands of the subsequent grinding process by means of a […]

External cylindrical peripheral plunge grinding, also called external cylindrical in­feed grinding, is utilised for machining bearing carriers, shaft cranks and grooves. Fig. 6-35 shows the schematic arrangement of the grinding wheel, workpiece spindle and the dressing spindle as well as the axes and the direction for the feed setting. The infeed can be subdivided into […]