External cylindrical peripheral plunge grinding, also called external cylindrical infeed grinding, is utilised for machining bearing carriers, shaft cranks and grooves. Fig. 6-35 shows the schematic arrangement of the grinding wheel, workpiece spindle and the dressing spindle as well as the axes and the direction for the feed setting. The infeed can be subdivided into […]
Рубрика: Manufacturing Processes 2
Preamble for Volume 2 “Grinding, Honing, Lapping’’
The available volume treats machining with geometrically undefined cutting edges. It approaches both the practical engineer and the student of engineering sciences. This book is based on the lecture “Manufacturing Technologies I and II” and the pertinent exercises, which are held at RWTH Aachen University. The arrangement of the book results from the experiences, which […]
Synthetic Diamond
The most dominant group of diamond abrasives by far are those manufactured synthetically. Carbon in graphite form serves as the raw material. Synthesis is carried out at pressures of 70 to 120 kbar and temperatures around 2000 °C in the presence of metallic catalysts. In accordance with an appropriate choice of synthesis conditions, e. g. […]
Investigations in Grit Break-out
The determination of the amount of wear of the grits and the bond of grinding wheels is very difficult. Approaches to this are based on the ascertainment of theforce required to detach a grit from the bond. With this method, bond strength becomes quantifiable. For the execution of the grit break-out experiment, a sharpened carbide […]
Nitrided Steels
The carbon content of nitrided steels lies between 0.2 and 0.45 %. They are heat — treatable and are alloyed with Cr and Mo (for improved hardenability) as well as with aluminium or vanadium (nitride formers). Typical nitrided steels and their respective compositions are shown in table 4-4. Nitriding is carried out at temperatures between […]
Cooling Lubricants
5.1 Principles of Cooling Lubricants in the Grinding Process 5.1.1 General Functions The shearing, cutting and rubbing processes involved in grinding generate large heat flow, which can only be removed to a small extent with the chips and thus can lead to considerable thermal stress on the workpiece and the tool [GROF77, LOWI80]. In grinding, […]
Further Dressing Methods — Special Methods
Dressing with Small Depths of Dressing Cut — Touch Dressing Grinding wheel topography influences the quality of the ground workpiece surface to a major extent. For example, individual grits projecting from the envelope of the grinding wheel bond lead to high workpiece roughness in the ground component. Such conditions can be observed especially in the […]
External Cylindrical Form Grinding
External cylindrical form grinding is a technique variant of external cylindrical peripheral longitudinal grinding. By overlaying the main axial feed movement with an additional radial feed movement, under NC operation, various rotation — symmetrical workpiece geometries can be produced. The goal of this technique is to finish grinding the workpiece in one clamping. For this […]
Introduction
The future of manufacturing companies depends largely on their ability to adapt to swiftly changing global conditions. These are exemplified by international competition, rapidly growing intercommunication and the increased significance of environmental issues [KLOC98a, ENGE02]. Precision machining with geometrically undefined cutting edges represents a key production engineering technology with high efficiency, security and machining quality. […]
Bonds
According to DIN 69 111, for all abrasive tools excepting loose abrasives, individual grits are bonded with each other and with the backing material. In practice, all components of the grinding wheel, with the exception of the abrasive grit, are comprised under the designation of “bond” [COLL88]. Bonds have the task of adhering to the […]