Honing is a cutting process with bonded grain and is used to improve the form, dimensional precision and surface quality of a workpiece under constant surface contact with the tool. In general, honing is applied after precision machining (e. g. grinding).
Tables 7-1 and 7-2 illustrate the different honing techniques and their main fields of application, as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages. Honing procedures are divided into three main groups:
• longitudinal stroke honing, frequently referred to as honing,
• shortstroke honing, frequently designated as fine honing or superfinishing,
• gear honing.
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Table 7-1. Honing techniques
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Method
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Area of application
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Longitudinal stroke honing
workpiscB
honing stone
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Connecting rod holes, cylinder liners, brake drums, guide holes for roller bearings, brake cylinders, gear bores, etc.
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Non production times, high material removal, correction of roundness, form and dimension possible
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Misalignment correction not possible, limited area of application
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Shortstroke honing
w°rkpiec^ grindng path
honing stcne
longtudinal feed
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Crankshafts, rotor shafts for electric motors, long shafts, complex rotating parts, etc.
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Plunge grinding and longitudinal machining possible, the necessary rotary and feed motion is executed by a lathe with the swing head being received by the tool holder, machining very large parts possible
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Centring necessary; not suitable for mass production because of very long nonproductive times
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Centreless plunge honing
honing stone workpiece ^^—^^^/brarer dum
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Short shafts, rotor shafts, camshafts, etc.
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Short non-production operation times, centring not necessary, automation possible, consistent quality of the machined surface
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Axial impacts necessary, marks on the support rollers can be transferred to the workpiece surface; only one honing tool can be used to machine a single surface
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Table 7-2. Method variations of honing
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Method
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Area of application
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Advantages
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Disadvantages
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Through feed honing
■ honing stone longitudinal bearer, and feed feedngdrums
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Piston pins, piston rods and piston valves for pneumatic and hydraulic drives, axles, pins, roller bearing rollers, tapered rollers, spherical rollers, bearing rings, bearing axles, rocker arm shafts, etc.
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Non-productive times very minimal, simultaneous use of multiple honing stones possible, automation possible, consistent quality of the machined surface
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Not suitable for single-unit production
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Profile honing
….. hoping stone
Ж workpiece
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Tracks of outer and inner ball bearing rings
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Automation possible, production in large numbers
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Existent profile shape errors cannot be corrected
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Surface honing
‘ honing stone ‘ ‘ ‘ workpiece
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Roller guideways, guide rails, rulers, front faces of the wheels of gear pumps, rotor contact surfaces electric motors, sealing surfaces, valve seats, etc.
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Greater material removal rate than with lapping, thus great time savings
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Only applicable in special cases
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Gear honing
workpiece
honing store
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Finishing of gears
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Short machine run times, automation possible, existent profile shape errors are correctable
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Not suitable for single-unit production
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