Хонинговальные головки

Tool steels are generally subdivided into • unalloyed tool steels and • alloyed tool steels. These are utilised for varied purposes. Therefore tool steels are further differen­tiated into the particular application groupings of cold working steels, hot working steels and high speed steels. The assignment of any steel to a tool steel group re­sults only […]

The properties of cooling lubricants and the demands placed on them are manifold (Fig. 5-2). Not only technical performance, but also economical, ecological as well as safety and health concerns play a role. One of the most important physical properties of cooling lubricants is viscosity. This describes internal resistance of a fluid to deformation. Viscosity […]

A special case of dressing is crushing. The operating principle of crushing is based on the crushing of bond bridge when a certain force level on the grinding wheel coating is exceeded [DENN02]. This is achieved by pressing rollers on the grind­ing wheel layer without relative velocity (dressing speed ratio qd = 1). The crushing, […]

The simultaneous bearing and machining of the workpiece lateral surface can lead to roundness errors typical of the process that develop as polygons on the work­piece circumference. The model of the workpiece clamped in the grinding gap (Fig. 6-49) shows that the contact zone properties at the grinding wheel, control wheel and workrest support are […]

In order to form a chip, the grains cutting into the component must be harder than the material which is to be machined. Crystalline and brittle abrasive materials are used. The grains splinter during the crushing caused by the production process, so that the fragments possess an irregular form with more or less sharp corners […]

Vitrified bonds are formed by mixtures from the natural silicates red and white clay, kaolin and feldspar, as well as quartz and, as an additive, frits [HADE66, PADB93]. Frits are glassy, previously melted and pulverised organic and inorganic mixes which serve as fluxing agents and give the vitrified bond certain properties. Among other things, they […]

The binding agent makes the connection between the abrasive carrier medium and the abrasive grit and simultaneously braces the particular grits against each other. In order to achieve satisfactory grit adhesion, the binder consists of two layers ap­plied one after the other. Firstly, the prepared backing material is furnished with the basic bond (primary layer). […]

Non-rusting Chrome Steels Non-corrosion steels are distinguished by good resistance to chemically aggres­sive substances. In general, they have a chrome content of > 12 %. Non-rusting steels can be subdivided with respect to their structural components into ferritic and martensitic as well as into austenitic steels. Martensitic chrome steels contain about 0.4 — 1.2 % […]

Fig. 5-3 illustrates a classification of cooling lubricants based on DIN 51 385. The key differentiator is whether or not the cooling lubricant contains water in its ap­plication state. 5.2.1 Oils In principle, cooling lubricants are always composed of a suitable base fluid, to which various active substance (additives) may be added according to the […]

In the case of so-called “milling dressing” or kinematically coupled dressing, a fixed rpm ratio is set between the grinding wheel and a diamond segment or PCD dressing roller [EICH97, MERZ94, SPIE92, WARN88]. For integral rpm ratios, the same areas of dressing roller and grinding wheel are always engaged. When segmented diamond dressing tools are […]