Хонинговальные головки

The carbon content of nitrided steels lies between 0.2 and 0.45 %. They are heat — treatable and are alloyed with Cr and Mo (for improved hardenability) as well as with aluminium or vanadium (nitride formers). Typical nitrided steels and their re­spective compositions are shown in table 4-4. Nitriding is carried out at tempera­tures between […]

5.1 Principles of Cooling Lubricants in the Grinding Process 5.1.1 General Functions The shearing, cutting and rubbing processes involved in grinding generate large heat flow, which can only be removed to a small extent with the chips and thus can lead to considerable thermal stress on the workpiece and the tool [GROF77, LOWI80]. In grinding, […]

Dressing with Small Depths of Dressing Cut — Touch Dressing Grinding wheel topography influences the quality of the ground workpiece surface to a major extent. For example, individual grits projecting from the envelope of the grinding wheel bond lead to high workpiece roughness in the ground compo­nent. Such conditions can be observed especially in the […]

External cylindrical form grinding is a technique variant of external cylindrical pe­ripheral longitudinal grinding. By overlaying the main axial feed movement with an additional radial feed movement, under NC operation, various rotation — symmetrical workpiece geometries can be produced. The goal of this technique is to finish grinding the workpiece in one clamping. For this […]

The future of manufacturing companies depends largely on their ability to adapt to swiftly changing global conditions. These are exemplified by international compe­tition, rapidly growing intercommunication and the increased significance of envi­ronmental issues [KLOC98a, ENGE02]. Precision machining with geometrically undefined cutting edges represents a key production engineering technology with high efficiency, security and machining quality. […]

According to DIN 69 111, for all abrasive tools excepting loose abrasives, indi­vidual grits are bonded with each other and with the backing material. In practice, all components of the grinding wheel, with the exception of the abrasive grit, are comprised under the designation of “bond” [COLL88]. Bonds have the task of adhering to the […]

For belt grinding, abrasive grits on a flexible backing material are used as tools. Chip formation takes place as the abrasive belt is engaged with a target material over a contact element, generally a roller or support element. Besides fine grinding and deburring for glass, ceramics, wood and metal, it is also possible to reach […]

Due to strain, steels destined for roller bearings have a high level of hardness (52 — 65 HRC), a high degree of purity, an even structural configuration and high resis­tance to wear. Chemical composition, melting and heat treatment are decisive for the obtainable structure and thus for the necessary properties of roller bearing steels. In […]

In the grinding process, all the components involved — the grain material (includ­ing the bond) as the body, the workpiece material as the counter-body, cooling lu­bricant as the intermediate substance and air as the environmental medium — form a tribological system (Fig. 5-1). Thus, in order to optimise the cooling/lubrication system, all components involved as […]

Working with materials that are hard to machine generally causes problems with respect to the lifetimes of the grinding wheels used and thus with respect to the performance of the grinding process. Large amounts of grinding wheel stress lead to increased grain breakaway, especially in the case of conventional grinding wheels. Grinding wheel wear, which […]