Хонинговальные головки

Cutting edge density is important to understand tool performance during the grinding process. Many researchers analyzed the statistical nature of the cutting edges [KASS69, BUTT68, SALJ88, HOU03, LORT75, etc.]. 6.2.1 Definitions 6.2.1.1 Static Cutting Edge Density Researchers differentiate between grit number and cutting edge number because each grit can have several cutting edges. However, both Read more

7.3.2.1 Traditional Fundamental Requirements in Grinding Manufacturing processes have to accomplish certain tasks depending on workpiece material, stock removal (finishing or roughing operation), availability of machines, batch size, form and dimension tolerances, achieved surface roughness and integ­rity, and more [LINK12c]. The following discussions focus on ductile material in finishing operations and the choice of the Read more

Look at this small grit, this tiny grain, so small one must rub hundreds of them between finger and thumb to feel their sharpness. Insignificant little grits and easily slighted in our sophisticated technological world, but without this small fragment of abrasive, transformed, when viewed under a microscope, into jagged heroic blocks — without these Read more

2.8.1.5 Effect on Tool Production High sintering temperatures over 1300 °C can occur in manufacturing of vitrified bonded tools. In particular, diamond features low thermal wear resistance in air, which forced manufacturers to develop special low-temperature sintered bonds and to apply inert atmospheres [LINK15]. Electric and magnetic properties are important for electro-plated bonds because they Read more

Sintered bonds are produced by mixing of metal powder and abrasive grits, molding, either hot pressing or cold pressing, and sintering (Fig. 3.14). In excep­tional cases, the metallic powder is mixed with an organic binder (paraffin oil and/or wax granule). This binder helps to produce a green compact, which can be handled, and vaporizes in Read more

Tools are graded by the manufacturer according to the coarseness or fineness of the particles of the abrasive material they contain, but the working qualities of the tools depend not only on the size of the particles, but also upon the quality of the binder. It thus results that tools which have the same commercial Read more

The direct contact of body and counter body can lead to atomic bonds (“micro weldings”), which are defined as adhesion [GAHR87, RABI95]. A relative movement of the contact partners does not necessarily involve that the bonds break within the original contact areas, so that material transfer can happen [HABI80]. Adhesive layers change the friction conditions. Read more

Manufacturing of the abrasives corundum and CBN is described in Chap. 2 “Abrasives”. The energy consumed in their primary production can be estimated Grinding wheel width 20 mm 20 mm Outer diameter 400 mm 400 mm Inner diameter 200 mm 200 mm Segment length — 31.4 mm Segment height — 5 mm Number of segments Read more

Silicon carbide (SiC) cannot be found in nature in sufficient quality for technical applications [TYRO03b]. For the use as abrasive, SiC is molten from quartz sand in resistance furnaces by a process that was invented by Edward Goodrich Acheson in 1891 on an industrial scale [MOSE80, p. 119]. Originally, Acheson had intended to synthesize diamond. Read more

The fusion of corundum began at the Niagara Falls using cheap hydro-electric power. Today China has huge capacities for producing fused corundum, and Eastern Europe, India, South Korea, and South America are growing manufacturers in the world production of fused corundum [JACK11, p. 27]. Low cost energy has become an important factor for the competitiveness Read more