Binders for pastes include the following [MARI04, p. 442 f., BORK92, p. 24]: • Stearin—stearic acid, CH3(CH2)16COOH, white, solid, crystalline substance, melting point of 140 °C; Stearin is a good binder and brings cohesion and hardness to the paste. • Oleic acid—olein, unsaturated fatty acid, melting point of 15 °C; Oleic acid accelerates the polishing […]
Рубрика: Life Cycle and Sustainability of Abrasive Tools
Resin Bodies with Metallic Fillers and Non-metallic Fillers
Bakelite/aluminum or Bakelite/graphite bodies are elastic and tend to dampen vibrations from the grinding system [METZ86, p. 63, SEXT82]. This body type is connected to the abrasive layer by direct pressing without glueing [METZ86, p. 63]. Bakelite graphite or glass fiber reinforced resins can be pre-pressed to blanks and have the advantages of being light […]
Porosity
Pores are necessary for the transport of cooling lubricant to and chips away from the cutting point. They become more critical for high material removal rates and high-speed grinding processes to get enough cooling lubricant into the grindinggap. Grinding wheels with discontinuous cutting faces have similar effects as highly porous wheels [BORK92, p. 36]. Porosity […]
Tool Conditioning
6.5.1 Overview on Conditioning Principles Grinding wheel topography is influenced by grinding wheel structure, profiling and sharpening process as well as by the wear during the use of the grinding wheel [MARI04]. The dressing process changes the working behavior of the grinding tool, the Young’s modulus and the effective hardness of the grinding layer [MARI04]. […]
Axiomatic Grinding Process Model
Section 7.1 described different methods for evaluating sustainability and Sect. 7.2 derived the life cycle inventory for grinding to implement these methods. Data for the analysis is either measured empirically, estimated or obtained from databases. Ideally, fundamental process knowledge would allow calculating all input and output streams from physical and analytical models. The following study […]
Case Study on Comparing Hard Turning and Grinding
Araujo and Oliveira [ARAU12] compared the sustainability of hard turning and grinding based on 29 sustainability indicators in a case study. They chose five social indicators for the comparison: • labor relations: hourly wages, • health and safety: number of occupational accidents, noise level, operator risk level, • training and education: average number of hours […]