Хонинговальные головки

Electroplated diamond grinding tools exhibit potential for recycling. In particular, the body can be reused. Electroplated grinding wheels are generally returned to the manufacturer, who will strip off the abrasive layer and re-plate the body. Usually chemical and electrochemical stripping methods are used [BULJ99]. Chemical methods such as acid baths corrode the bonding [BULJ99, YU11]. […]

Merbecks developed the grit breakout test and scratch test following ideas from Opitz and Peklenik [MERB03, PEKL60]. These tests are well applicable to superabrasive grinding tools as they do not damage the abrasive layer, leave holes, or measure the whole body elasticity [KLOC05c, MERB03]. In the single grit breakout test, a cemented carbide tip is […]

Tool life between conditioning is measured in time, per number of machined work­pieces or workpiece volume removal [PAUC08, p. 343]. The G-ratio is a common parameter for describing the tool lifespan as ratio of machined workpiece volume, Vw, and worn grinding tool volume, Vs (Eq. 6.20) [MALK08]. The G-ratio depends on the machined material, tool […]

Companies have to find ways to capture and measure their sustainability perfor­mance. The overall goal of sustainability encompasses the three dimensions of economic, environmental and social sustainability [HAUS05]. Life Cycle Costing (LCC), Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Social Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA) are methods to assess each dimension. Sustainability indicators evaluate the overall performance in […]

All discussed effects produce a complex grinding process model. This axiomatic model, however, is simplified and based on existing models. The main application is fine grinding of ductile material, leaving exemptions, special process variants and Fig. 7.32 Low scrap rate (diagram follows Fig. 7.30) other applications open. Experimental data, sensitivity analyses and empirical data could […]

In the long run, the manufacturing paradigm has to shift from non-sustainable mass production, mass consumption, and mass disposal to sustainable environmentally conscious ones [UMED12]. The eco-efficient layout of manufacturing processes and products will be a core competency for engineers in the future. It is important to integrate all the life cycle phases from the […]

The density of atom bonds in the different diamond planes defines hardness and cleavage behavior (Fig. 2.15) [BRUN62, FIEL79]. The octahedral plane (111) is the main cleavage plane [FIEL81, LENZ86]. This can be explained by the lower toughness and, therefore, smaller necessary breakage energy along this plane Cubic plane (100) Rhombic dodecahedral

The hardness of abrasives is defined in terms of the static indentation hardness as determined by Knoop or Vickers hardness test [MALK08]. Chip formation needs a high degree of grit hardness and toughness [KLOC05a]. Moreover, cutting edge sharpness over a longer period is affected by the grit hardness and wear resistance. There is no direct […]

Raw material extraction, manufacturing, and choice of abrasive grits for later processing and use affect different stakeholders. The grit manufacturer is mostly concerned with the following aspects: • The grit price depends on raw material availability, raw material price, local energy costs, labor costs as well as equipment costs and maintenance. • The location defines […]

Metallic bonds are either multi-layered (produced by sintering or infiltration) or single-layered (produced by electroplating or brazing) [MARI07]. They are only applied to superabrasive grits because conventional grits wear too quickly to use the bonding strength to full capacity. 1.3.1 Chemistry and Types of Metallic Bonds for Multi-layer Abrasive Tools Metallic multi-layered bondings consist of […]