Хонинговальные головки

Grinding wheel rotation leads to centrifugal forces and stresses within the tool body. For a generic homogeneous cylinder, the tangential stresses, atx, at the diameter Dx follow (Eq. 5.1); the radial stresses, arx, follow (Eq. 5.2) [HELL05b, FRAN67]. The tangential stress has its maximum at the inner hole diameter, H = Dx; the radial stress […]

5.4.1 Technological Dimension For bonded superabrasive tools, bodies of steel, aluminium, resin and resin-aluminium are common. New body designs with carbon fiber reinforced resin enable even higher circumferential speeds over 200 m/s. The productivity seems to be improved and consumed spindle power decreased. Abrasive layers can be fixed with adhesives as segments. Glue type and […]

Tribochemical wear is the most complex wear mechanism [MARI04, RABI95]. It includes a reaction between body, counter body and environment [DIN79, HABI80]. A large reactive surface or friction heat accelerate these reactions. Beads of molten workpiece material give evidence of the high temperatures during the cutting action. For example, Mfiller [MULL01, p. 57] found beads […]

Sustainability indicators are less formalized assessment indicators than the ones in LCA, SLCA or LCC and can capture more than one dimension of sustainability. An indicator is “a measure or an aggregation of measures from which conclusions on the phenomenon of interest can be inferred” [JOUN12]. Sustainability indicators are good for users with limited databases […]

Vitrified bonded tools are manufactured through mixing of the components, molding, pressing, sintering, pre-processing, and quality control (see Sect. 3.2 “Vitrified Bonds”). This study leaves out the embodied energy in the tooling equipment and assumes that a sufficiently large number of grinding wheels are Table 8.1 Bond ingredients for a representative bond Bond ingredient [BOTS05] […]

Corundum appears as polycrystalline material and is broken down to the desired grit sizes. The size of the single crystals within the larger abrasive grits depends on the manufacturing route. Pink corundum appears as blocky grits with sharp edges and an average crystal size of 750 pm [WASH12b]. Zirconium corundum can have much smaller crystal […]

Besides a direct transformation of graphite into diamond and the most common synthesis technique with molten catalyst, there are more synthesis methods [WEDL77]. These are Shock Wave Synthesis, growth from carbon molt and chemical diamond deposition from gas phase (Chemical vapor deposition, CVD). During CVD synthesis, carbon-containing gas like methane is disintegrated in presence of […]

Sifting is a separating procedure where the falling particles are exposed to a con­trary flow [SALM07, p. 134]. If the flow rate meets the falling velocity of a certain particle size, these particles hover. Smaller particles stay in the flow, coarser par­ticles decant. One method is to suspend the particles in an aerosol beam and […]

Polyimides are polymers with a noncarbon atom of nitrogen in one of the rings in the molecular chain (Fig. 3.4) [HARP03, p. 432 f.]. Polyamide-imide are members of the same polymer family and contain aromatic rings and nitrogen linkages (Fig. 3.4) [HARP03, p. 432 f.]. Polyamid and polyimide bondings have a higher toughness, thermal resistance […]

3.4.1 Chemistry and Types of Metallic Bonds Single layer metallic bonds have a layer height of only the average grit size and a high grit protrusion of 20-70 % of the grit diameter. Because of the high gritperformance, single layered wheels are limited to superabrasives. The metallic single-layer bonds are produced by electroplating, brazing, or […]