Хонинговальные головки

9.2.1 Future Requirements Common trends in grinding technology are tighter form and size tolerances, smaller surface roughness, engineered surface textures, higher productivity, and smaller process costs [KRAF08]. There is a natural trend towards higher grinding wheel speeds and higher grinding performance [KREB06]. New products and new applications demand for adjusted tools designs. The tool user […]

In the beginning, sol-gel corundum was used as the solitary abrasive grit type in grinding tools (percentage of 100 %). However, its toughness led to excessive grinding forces. Today typical blends are 50, 30 and 10 % of sol-gel corundum with white corundum or mono-crystalline corundum as secondary grits [KLOC03, MARI04, p. 378, MULL01]. In […]

Metal coatings (also called claddings) came up in the mid 1960s for diamond grits in resin bonded wheels [DYER79]. The metallic coatings were in weight equal or exceeded the weight of the diamond grit [DYER79]. Earlier attempts with very thin metallic coatings, primarily in metal bond wheels, had not been successful [DYER79]. Diamond in resin […]

The sorting method affects the variance of grit characteristics in a batch. This has a direct correlation to tool manufacturing and tool performance. One has to be aware that variances in the process chain add up. A narrow distribution band of grit characteristics defines the tool performance more precisely. This potentially leads to highly efficient […]

Casting is applied for bonds with high clay content. The casting process is more expensive and therefore being replaced by molding processes [KLOC09]. 3.2.2.2 Molding and Pressing Most vitrified bonded tools are manufactured by molding. In the past, the mixture was formed into the mold manually; today fully or partially automated systems supply and disperse […]

It is difficult to say when abrasive technology had a beginning. Abrasives were used by man many thousands of years before he learned to write. Primitive man used abrasives for the sharpening of tools of wood, bone or flint. […] The beginning of the science of abrasives, however, may be taken as that time when […]

In barrel finishing or tumbling, workpieces, abrasive particles, and a fluid are tumbled in a slowly rotating container. In vibratory grinding, also known by the trade name “trowalizing”, the container vibrates. The fluid can be water, acid, or alkaline compound [MENA00]. Barrel finishing and vibratory grinding are applied in die and mold manufacturing, medical and […]

Imbalances in rotating grinding tools can be static or dynamic and are caused by excentricity, form errors, or structure errors (Fig. 5.3). Imbalance, U, is defined as the product of the mass, m, that is out of symmetry and the excentricity, e, towards the rotational axis (Eq. 5.7) [KLOC09, p. 284, DIN05]. Standards, such as […]

Already in 1936, Goedecke emphasized that the process performance of a grinding tool depends strongly on the spacial distribution of the cutting edges [GOED36, EVER06, p. 383]. Several methods to measure, replicate and model the tool topography exist. Karpuschewski summarizes sensors and methods for measuring the grinding tool microtopography [KARP01, p. 131 ff]. 6.2.2.1 Tactile […]

During dressing with diamond tools, the active mechanisms are grit breakage and splintering, bonding breakage, grit break-out of the bonding, and grit deformation [MARI04, WIMM95, MINK88, MESS83, KLOC08b]. For vitrified bonded wheels, dressing forces seem to have a crucial effect on the disruption of the abrasive layer and therefore on the wear behavior after dressing […]