Хонинговальные головки

Sustainability indicators are less formalized assessment indicators than the ones in LCA, SLCA or LCC and can capture more than one dimension of sustainability. An indicator is “a measure or an aggregation of measures from which conclusions on the phenomenon of interest can be inferred” [JOUN12]. Sustainability indicators are good for users with limited databases […]

Vitrified bonded tools are manufactured through mixing of the components, molding, pressing, sintering, pre-processing, and quality control (see Sect. 3.2 “Vitrified Bonds”). This study leaves out the embodied energy in the tooling equipment and assumes that a sufficiently large number of grinding wheels are Table 8.1 Bond ingredients for a representative bond Bond ingredient [BOTS05] […]

Corundum appears as polycrystalline material and is broken down to the desired grit sizes. The size of the single crystals within the larger abrasive grits depends on the manufacturing route. Pink corundum appears as blocky grits with sharp edges and an average crystal size of 750 pm [WASH12b]. Zirconium corundum can have much smaller crystal […]

Besides a direct transformation of graphite into diamond and the most common synthesis technique with molten catalyst, there are more synthesis methods [WEDL77]. These are Shock Wave Synthesis, growth from carbon molt and chemical diamond deposition from gas phase (Chemical vapor deposition, CVD). During CVD synthesis, carbon-containing gas like methane is disintegrated in presence of […]

Sifting is a separating procedure where the falling particles are exposed to a con­trary flow [SALM07, p. 134]. If the flow rate meets the falling velocity of a certain particle size, these particles hover. Smaller particles stay in the flow, coarser par­ticles decant. One method is to suspend the particles in an aerosol beam and […]

Polyimides are polymers with a noncarbon atom of nitrogen in one of the rings in the molecular chain (Fig. 3.4) [HARP03, p. 432 f.]. Polyamide-imide are members of the same polymer family and contain aromatic rings and nitrogen linkages (Fig. 3.4) [HARP03, p. 432 f.]. Polyamid and polyimide bondings have a higher toughness, thermal resistance […]

3.4.1 Chemistry and Types of Metallic Bonds Single layer metallic bonds have a layer height of only the average grit size and a high grit protrusion of 20-70 % of the grit diameter. Because of the high gritperformance, single layered wheels are limited to superabrasives. The metallic single-layer bonds are produced by electroplating, brazing, or […]

In the polishing process, the abrasive particles are finely dispersed in a liquid medium or binder and are directed over the workpiece surface by a counterbody [KLOC05a, p. 404]. Therefore, the polishing tool is rather a paste or suspension of abrasive grits in a medium or binder [MARI04, p. 442]. In plate polishing processes, a […]

The body material has to withstand the grinding forces, the centrifugal forces from wheel rotation, and the resulting internal stresses. In the grinding process, the body material should dampen vibrations and transfer heat. Furthermore, the body material needs to be shaped easily into the wanted geometry and should have low weight. These requirements translate into […]

The performance of a grinding wheel, however, is not only a complicated function of all grinding wheel parameters such as grain nature and grain dimensions, nature of bond material, volumetric composition of the wheel etc., but, as said before, depends on the grinding conditions also [DECN70]. Micro-design of grinding wheels, i. e. structure and composition […]