Хонинговальные головки

Grit hardness is usually tested by a Knoop micro indenter test [SCHT81, MENA00]. By means of an electrostatic separator, particles with conductive sur­faces can be selected. Capillarity is a measure for the wettability of abrasive grits [UAMA09, SCHT81]. Capillarity gives an indication of grit cleanliness and is particularly important for aqueous glues for coated abrasive […]

First, the bond components and abrasives are mixed and filled into a mold, either by a casting process in the case of clayey bonds or by a molding process (Fig. 3.11). Pressing compacts the material and produces the so-called “green body” which can be handled. The green body is dried and sintered. After that, the […]

3.6.1 Technological Dimension Bond composition and structure define the self-sharpening ability of the tool and process stability. The main bonding systems for grinding tools are resin, vitrified and metallic bonds (Table 3.2). Each type has a huge variety in its specifications, manufacturing, and ingredients. For polishing and lapping processes also different kinds of slurry or […]

4.7.1 Crushing In the materials processing terminology, particle size reduction by mechanical means is called grinding [HOGG01, LYNC05]. Other terms are crushing, milling, or attrition milling. The term crushing is used for bigger end size particles (e. g. about 13-19 mm in diameter); the term milling refers to low micron sizes or below. Machines used […]

5.2.1 Flanges Cylindrical grinding wheels are often mounted on a hub and clamped between flanges [ROWE09, p. 49]. The adapter flange consists of a fixed flange, a lose flange, and head screws [DIN06]. Standards define the flange design, e. g. BS 4581:1970, and DIN ISO 666 [DIN06]. Some flanges have special features such as a […]

The grinding system consists of several elastic elements in series, such as motors, bearings, feed axis, spindle, grinding wheel, etc. [KING86, p. 171]. The overall stiffness, kt, adds up reciprocally from the stiffness of each element (Eq. 6.14) Depth of cut ae Fig. 6.7 Decrease in cutting edge distance at higher workpiece speed, vw2, after […]

Dressing speed ratio, qd, gives the ratio between dressing roller speed and wheel speed (Eq. 6.28). In up-dressing, the speed vectors are counter-directional in the contact point and the speed ratio is denoted with a negative value; in down-dressing everything is inverted. vR dressing roller speed vs wheel speed Dressing speed defines the engagement curves […]

The track-bound principle and use of abrasive grits in combination generate grooves and a pattern on the workpiece surface (Fig. 7.21). The pattern can be important for component function, e. g. in sealing systems where directionality of grinding grooves have to be avoided, or in engine cylinders where oil reservoirs are built. To get a […]

9.2.1 Future Requirements Common trends in grinding technology are tighter form and size tolerances, smaller surface roughness, engineered surface textures, higher productivity, and smaller process costs [KRAF08]. There is a natural trend towards higher grinding wheel speeds and higher grinding performance [KREB06]. New products and new applications demand for adjusted tools designs. The tool user […]

In the beginning, sol-gel corundum was used as the solitary abrasive grit type in grinding tools (percentage of 100 %). However, its toughness led to excessive grinding forces. Today typical blends are 50, 30 and 10 % of sol-gel corundum with white corundum or mono-crystalline corundum as secondary grits [KLOC03, MARI04, p. 378, MULL01]. In […]